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Hanggang Technology Building 509 Qianjiang Road Shangcheng District Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000 CN Mr. Jianping Kong China Yuangu Hanggang Technology Building 509 Qianjiang Road Shangcheng District Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000 CN (86) 0571-8665 6957 jack@nano.cn Class A ordinary shares true NASDAQ 20637924 2858909 No No Yes Yes Accelerated Filer true false false false false true Cybersecurity Risk Management and StrategyTo preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our information systems, safeguard our assets, data, intellectual property and network infrastructure, while meeting regulatory requirements, it is crucial to effectively manage cybersecurity risks. To achieve this, we have implemented a comprehensive cybersecurity risk management framework, which is integrated in our overall enterprise risk management system and processes and is internally managed.Our dedicated IT staff is tasked with assessing, identifying and managing risks related to cybersecurity threats and is responsible for:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"> </td> <td style="width: 24px">●</td> <td>risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services and our broader enterprise IT environment;</td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"> </td> <td style="width: 24px">●</td> <td>development of risk-based action plans to manage identified vulnerabilities and implementation of new protocols and infrastructure improvements;</td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"> </td> <td style="width: 24px">●</td> <td>cybersecurity incident investigations;</td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"> </td> <td style="width: 24px">●</td> <td>monitoring threats to sensitive data and unauthorized access to our systems;</td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"> </td> <td style="width: 24px">●</td> <td>secure access control measures applied to critical IT systems, equipment and devices, designed to prevent unauthorized users, processes and devices from assessing IT systems and data;</td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"> </td> <td style="width: 24px">●</td> <td>developing and executing protocols to ensure that information regarding cybersecurity incidents is promptly shared with the board of directors, as appropriate, to allow for risk and materiality assessments and to consider disclosure and notice requirements; and</td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px"> </td> <td style="width: 24px">●</td> <td>developing and implementing training on cybersecurity, information security and threat awareness.</td></tr> </table>There were no cybersecurity incidents during the year ended December 31, 2025, that resulted in an interruption to our operations, known losses of any critical data or otherwise had a material impact on our strategy, financial condition or results of operations. However, the scope and impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” for more information on how material cybersecurity attacks may impact our business. To preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our information systems, safeguard our assets, data, intellectual property and network infrastructure, while meeting regulatory requirements, it is crucial to effectively manage cybersecurity risks. To achieve this, we have implemented a comprehensive cybersecurity risk management framework, which is integrated in our overall enterprise risk management system and processes and is internally managed. true There were no cybersecurity incidents during the year ended December 31, 2025, that resulted in an interruption to our operations, known losses of any critical data or otherwise had a material impact on our strategy, financial condition or results of operations. However, the scope and impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” for more information on how material cybersecurity attacks may impact our business. false GovernanceOur board of directors acknowledges the significance of robust cybersecurity management programs and actively participates in overseeing and reviewing our cybersecurity risk profile and exposures. Our board of directors receives prompt and timely information regarding any significant cybersecurity incidents, as well as ongoing updates regarding any such incidents. Furthermore, in the event of any significant updates or adjustments to our cybersecurity related policies, our IT staff will present them to the board of directors for their review and approval.Our IT staff are responsible for the daily management of our cybersecurity efforts. This includes updates and refinement of cybersecurity policies, execution and management of cybersecurity measures, and the preparation of regular reports on cybersecurity execution. Their primary focus is to consistently update our cybersecurity programs and mitigation strategies, ensuring they align with industry best practices and procedures. Our board of directors acknowledges the significance of robust cybersecurity management programs and actively participates in overseeing and reviewing our cybersecurity risk profile and exposures. Our board of directors receives prompt and timely information regarding any significant cybersecurity incidents, as well as ongoing updates regarding any such incidents. Furthermore, in the event of any significant updates or adjustments to our cybersecurity related policies, our IT staff will present them to the board of directors for their review and approval. false Our IT staff are responsible for the daily management of our cybersecurity efforts. This includes updates and refinement of cybersecurity policies, execution and management of cybersecurity measures, and the preparation of regular reports on cybersecurity execution. Their primary focus is to consistently update our cybersecurity programs and mitigation strategies, ensuring they align with industry best practices and procedures. This includes updates and refinement of cybersecurity policies, execution and management of cybersecurity measures, and the preparation of regular reports on cybersecurity execution. Their primary focus is to consistently update our cybersecurity programs and mitigation strategies, ensuring they align with industry best practices and procedures. Opinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Nano Labs Ltd and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. MaloneBailey, LLP Houston, Texas

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2021-01-08

As of the date of this report, the Company’s major subsidiaries are as follows:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom">Name of subsidiaries</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Date of incorporation</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Place of incorporation</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Ownership percentage</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Principal activities</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 39%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Zhejiang Haowei Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang Haowei”)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 14%; text-align: center">July 16, 2019</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 15%; text-align: center">Hangzhou, China</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 9%; text-align: right">100</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: left">Research and development of ICs</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Zhejiang Nanomicro Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang Nanomicro”)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">July 16, 2019</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hangzhou, China</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Research and development of ICs</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Zhejiang NanoBlock Technology Co., Ltd.</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">July 16, 2019</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hangzhou, China</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Research and development of ICs</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Zhejiang Ipollo Technology Co., Ltd.</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">August 18, 2020</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hangzhou, China</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Nano Labs HK Limited</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">September 8, 2020</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hong Kong</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Investment</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Nano Labs Inc</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">December 22, 2020</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center">British Virgin Islands (“BVI”)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Investment</td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">Name of subsidiaries</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">Date of incorporation</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">Place of incorporation</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">Ownership percentage</td> <td style="vertical-align: top"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">Principal activities </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 39%">Zhejiang Weike Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang Weike”)</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 14%; text-align: center">June 2, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 15%; text-align: center">Hangzhou, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 9%; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 1%">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 15%">Research and development of software</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">IPOLLO PTE. LTD. (formerly IPOLLO MINER PTE.LTD.)</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">June 9, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Singapore</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Ipollo Tech Inc</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">June 29, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">BVI</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Investment</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Nano Technology HK Limited</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">July 7, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hong Kong</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Investment</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Ipollo HK Limited</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">July 7, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hong Kong</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Zhejiang Metaverse Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">August 12, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hangzhou, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Investment</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Ipollo Tech Ltd</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">October 27, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Cayman</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Investment</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Haowei Technology (Shaoxing) Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">November 3, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Shaoxing, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Investment</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Shenzhen Matamata Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">November 17, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Shenzhen, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Nano bit HK Limited (formerly Tsuki HK Limited)</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">November 18, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hong Kong</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Investment</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Shenzhen Matavos Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">December 21, 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Shenzhen, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Nano Dstock Inc (formerly Tsuki Inc)</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">January 7, 2022</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">United States</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">70</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Metaski (Shaoxing) Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">January 13, 2022</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Shaoxing, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Haoweiverse Technology (Shaoxing) Co., Ltd. (“Haoweiverse”)</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">January 13, 2022</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Shaoxing, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">65</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Plant and distribution of products</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Metameta (Shaoxing) Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">January 25, 2022</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Shaoxing, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Ipolloverse HK Limited</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">May 18, 2022</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hong Kong</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">70</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Research and development</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Metaverse (Shaoxing) Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">May 20, 2022</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Shaoxing, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Ipolloverse Cayman Ltd</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">May 27, 2022</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Cayman</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">70</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Investment</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Ipolloverse Tech Inc</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">May 30, 2022</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">BVI</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">70</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Investment</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Hangzhou Meta Technology Co., Ltd.</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">October 21, 2022</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hangzhou, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="vertical-align: top">Zhejiang Boluoyuanzhua Technology Co., Ltd</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">March 14, 2023</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hangzhou, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">100</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top">Zhejiang Ipollo Metacomputing Co., Ltd</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">March 16, 2023</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Hangzhou, China</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right">70</td> <td style="vertical-align: top">%</td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom"> </td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Distribution of products</td></tr> </table>

2019-07-16

Hangzhou, China

Research and development of ICs

2019-07-16

Hangzhou, China

Research and development of ICs

2019-07-16

Hangzhou, China

Research and development of ICs

2020-08-18

Hangzhou, China

Distribution of products

2020-09-08

Hong Kong

Investment

2020-12-22

British Virgin Islands (“BVI”)

Investment

2021-06-02

Hangzhou, China

Research and development of software

2021-06-09

Singapore

Distribution of products

2021-06-29

BVI

Investment

2021-07-07

Hong Kong

Investment

2021-07-07

Hong Kong

Distribution of products

2021-08-12

Hangzhou, China

Investment

2021-10-27

Cayman

Investment

2021-11-03

Shaoxing, China

Investment

2021-11-17

Shenzhen, China

Distribution of products

2021-11-18

Hong Kong

Investment

2021-12-21

Shenzhen, China

Distribution of products

2022-01-07

United States

0.70

Distribution of products

2022-01-13

Shaoxing, China

Distribution of products

2022-01-13

Shaoxing, China

0.65

Plant and distribution of products

2022-01-25

Shaoxing, China

Distribution of products

2022-05-18

Hong Kong

0.70

Research and development

2022-05-20

Shaoxing, China

Distribution of products

2022-05-27

Cayman

0.70

Investment

2022-05-30

BVI

0.70

Investment

2022-10-21

Hangzhou, China

Distribution of products

2023-03-14

Hangzhou, China

Distribution of products

2023-03-16

Hangzhou, China

0.70

Distribution of products

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px">2.</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies </td></tr> </table> Basis of preparation The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for information pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below. Use of estimates The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements including, but not limited to, inventory write-down, valuation of short-term investments, valuation of cryptocurrencies, receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral and borrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies, expected credit loss on receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral, useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and share-based compensation. Principles of consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation. Reclassification Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on net earnings and financial position. Functional currency and foreign currency translation The Company uses Renminbi (“RMB”) as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated outside of PRC is the United States dollar (“US$”), while the functional currency of the PRC entities in the Company is RMB as determined based on the criteria of ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”. Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are re-measured into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are re-measured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The financial statements of the Company are translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, RMB. Assets and liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated outside of PRC are translated into RMB at fiscal year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal year, representing the index rates stipulated by the People’s Bank of China. Translation adjustments arising from these are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of shareholders’ equity (deficit) on the consolidated financial statement.Convenience translation The United States dollar (“US$”) amounts disclosed in the accompanying financial statements are presented solely for the convenience of the readers. Translations of amounts from RMB into US$ were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB7.0288 on December 31, 2025, representing the central parity rate on December 31, 2025 published by the People’s Bank of China. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2025, or at any other rate. Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments with financial institutions with high credit ratings and quality. The Company manages credit risk of receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral through credit assessment of the counterparty lender and daily supervision and reconciliation of the asset status of the designated crypto wallets. Fair value measurement The Company adopted the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for similar assets or liabilities. Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. ASC 820 also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the carrying values of current assets and current liabilities approximated their fair values reported in the consolidated balance sheets due to the short-term maturities of these instruments, except for the following. <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="17" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair value at December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 19%; text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right">242,889,085</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-209">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-210">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right">242,889,085</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="17" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2025</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair value at December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%">Cryptocurrencies</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">768,555,420</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-211">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-212">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">768,555,420</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,387,316</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-213">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-214">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,387,316</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Short-term investments</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">22,339,045</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3,875,947</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-215">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">26,214,992</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: justify">Borrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,948,960</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-216">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-217">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,948,960</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>Related party transactions Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operational decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. Related parties may be individuals or corporate entities. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated. It is not, however, practical to determine the fair value of amounts due from/to related parties due to their related party nature. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include deposits in banks and other financial institutions that are unrestricted to withdrawal or use, and which have original maturities of three months or less. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, cash and cash equivalents was RMB32,431,081 and RMB8,502,357, respectively. Restricted cash Restricted cash mainly represents the bank deposit frozen by the court as a result of legal proceedings. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the Company had restricted cash of RMB418,722 and RMB1,347,795, respectively. Short-term investments Investment in equity securities with readily determinable fair value The Company hold investments in equity securities of a publicly listed company, for which the Company does not have significant influence. Investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value and any changes in fair value are recognized in other income (expenses). Investment in warrants The Company hold investments in stock warrants of a publicly listed company, for which the Company does not have significant influence. The warrants are measured at fair value and any changes in fair value are recognized in other income (expenses). Inventories, net Inventories, consist of raw materials, work in process and finished goods. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving and obsolete inventory, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. Prepayments Prepayments primarily consist of advances to suppliers for future inventory purchases and prepaid processing fees and prepaid expenses for research and development activities. Cryptocurrencies Certain cryptocurrencies were included in non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets due to the Company’s intent to retain them for long-term strategic reserve. Other cryptocurrencies held with the intent to fund operating expenses and working capital are included in current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, cryptocurrencies that are pledged as collateral are reported as “Receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral” and classified as current assets on the consolidated balance sheets, consistent with the Company’s intent to fund operating expenses. As a result of adopting ASC 350-60, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350-60”) on January 31, 2024 following modified retrospective method, cryptocurrencies are measured at fair value as of each reporting period. The fair value of cryptocurrencies are measured using the period-end closing price from the principal market, Binance, in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). The changes in cryptocurrencies valuation due to remeasurement in fair value within each reporting period are reflected on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as “Change in fair value of cryptocurrencies”. The cost basis of cryptocurrencies is determined using average cost method of accounting. The purchases and disposals of cryptocurrencies are included within investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral The receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral represents the cryptos posted as collateral to the lender who has the rights to, among other activities, lend or re-hypothecate such cryptos at the sole discretion of the lender and for which the lender has an obligation to return to the Company at maturity of the loan. The receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral is initially measured upon transfer at fair value and subsequently remeasured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. The changes in fair value are recognized on the consolidated statements of operations, in accordance with ASC 350-60. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, the Company applies the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, which requires the measurement of lifetime expected credit losses on the amortized costs of the financial assets. To estimate the allowance for credit loss of receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral, as the Company has no historical experience with similar assets, the allowance is determined using a combination of industry data, peer analysis, and forward-looking information about economic conditions and the creditworthiness of the counterparty. The Company incorporates relevant qualitative factors, such as the nature of the receivable, the characteristics of the counterparty, and any observable market indicators, to assess the expected collectability of the receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral. The estimation process also includes reasonable and supportable forecasts to account for future economic conditions and any anticipated impact on the receivable. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, no allowance for credit loss was recorded for receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral. Borrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies Borrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies is accounted for as hybrid instrument with a debt host contract and embedded derivatives linked to the fair value of cryptocurrencies. The Company measures this hybrid instrument at fair value through the election of fair value option. The fair value is measured as the spot price of the underlying cryptocurrencies in which the borrowing is denominated. Election of the fair value option is generally irrevocable unless an event occurs that gives rise to a new basis of accounting for that instrument. The gain or loss from change in fair value of borrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies are reported as a separate caption in other income (expenses) on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives are as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%; text-align: left">Machinery and electronic equipment</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: center">3 to 10 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Office furniture</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">5 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Transportation equipment</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">4 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Buildings and facilities attached to buildings</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">20 years</td></tr> </table> Leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining lease term. Intangible asset, net The Company’s intangible asset with definite useful lives primarily consists of a franchise right and land use right. According to the law of PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government for a specified period of time. The Company amortizes its franchise right and land use right on a straight-line basis over the contractual term. The estimated useful lives are as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%">Franchise right</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: center">2 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Land use right</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">50 years</td></tr> </table> Impairment of long-lived assets For long-lived assets including primarily property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, and intangible assets with finite lives, the Company evaluates for impairment whenever events or changes (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, no impairment of long-lived assets was recognized. Treasury shares The Company accounts for treasury shares using the cost method. Under this method, the cost incurred to purchase the shares is recorded in the treasury shares account on the consolidated balance sheets. Revenue from contracts with customers Consistent with the criteria of ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, the Company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue consists of the invoiced value for the sales net of value-added tax (“VAT”), business tax and applicable local government levies.Product sales revenue The Company generates revenue primarily from the sale of product solutions by integrating its self-designed IC products (e.g., high throughput computing, or HTC, solutions) directly to a customer, such as a business or individual engaged in mining activities. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when the control of the products has been transferred to customers. The transfer of control is considered complete when products have been picked up by or shipped to customers. The Company’s sales arrangements usually require prepayment before the delivery of products. The advance payment is not considered a significant financing component. The Company elected to account for shipping and handling fees as a fulfillment cost. The product sales contracts generally include product warranty provisions. The Company did not accrue warranty liabilities for the product sales as the financial impacts of the warranty have historically been and are expected to continue to be immaterial. The Company estimates sales return based on historical experiences and there was no allowance for sales return recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025. Service revenue The Company also generates revenue from its design and technical services under separate contracts. Revenues from the design and technical service to the customers are recognized at a point in time when services are provided. Revenue disaggregation In accordance with ASC 606, the Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by revenue stream. The Company determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories meets the disclosure objective in ASC 606 which is to depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by regional economic factors. The following table summarizes the net revenues generated from different revenue streams: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the Years Ended December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%; text-align: left">Product sales revenue</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">71,321,462</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">34,096,450</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">26,633,026</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Service revenue</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,013,914</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,499,466</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">373,718</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net revenues</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,335,376</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">40,595,916</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">27,006,744</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Contract liabilities Contract liabilities are recorded when consideration is received from a customer prior to transferring the control of goods or services to the customer. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the Company recorded contract liabilities of RMB98,895,905 and RMB69,314,154, respectively, which were presented as advance from customers on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, the Company recognized RMB23,740,945, RMB9,765,766 and RMB20,805,240 from the opening balance of contract liabilities as revenue, respectively. Cost of revenues Amounts recorded as cost of revenue relate to direct expenses incurred in order to generate revenue. Such costs are recorded as incurred. Cost of revenues consists of product costs and service costs. Product costs include costs of raw material, contract manufacturers for production, shipping and handling costs, and warehousing costs. Service costs include labor costs and material costs. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, the Company recorded inventory write-down of RMB60,767,978, RMB10,914,374 and RMB32,637,101 as cost of revenues, respectively.Selling and marketing expenses Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising and promotion, salaries, and shipping and handling costs incurred during the selling activities. Advertising and transportation expenses are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising and promotion costs in the amounts of RMB1,278,586, RMB364,253 and RMB656,386 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively, are included in selling and marketing expenses. Shipping and handling costs amounting to RMB2,122,358, RMB968,713 and RMB115,867 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively, are included in selling and marketing expenses. Research and development expenses Research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and welfare for research and development personnel, raw materials used, consulting and contractor expenses, testing and processing expenses and other expenses in associated with research and development activities. The Company recognizes research and development expenses as expense when incurred. Leases Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When determining the lease term, the Company includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option, if any. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which it calculates based on the credit quality of the Company and by comparing interest rates available in the market for similar borrowings, and adjusting this amount based on the impact of collateral over the term of each lease. The Company elected not to record assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet for lease arrangements with terms of 12 months or less. The Company recognizes lease expenses for such leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Employee social security and welfare benefits Employees of the Company in the PRC are entitled to staff welfare benefits including pension, work-related injury benefits, maternity insurance, medical insurance, unemployment benefit and housing fund plans through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Company is required to contribute to the plan based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government. The PRC government is responsible for the medical benefits and the pension liability to be paid to these employees and the Company’s obligations are limited to the amounts contributed and no legal obligation beyond the contributions made. Share-based compensation Restricted shares and options granted to employees and directors are accounted for under ASC Topic 718, “Compensation - Stock compensation” (“ASC 718”). In accordance with ASC 718, the Company determines whether restricted shares or options should be classified and accounted for as an equity award. All grants of restricted shares and options to employees and directors classified as equity awards are recognized in the financial statements based on their grant date fair values. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods in the statements of operations. In addition, compensation expense must be recognized for the change in fair value of any awards modified, repurchased or cancelled after the grant date. The fair value of stock option granted is estimated on the grant date using the Binomial or Black-Scholes model. Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the tax income rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future.In accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, “Income taxes”, the Company recognizes in its financial statements the impact of a tax position if a tax return position or future tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination based solely on the technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the recognition threshold are measured using a cumulative probability approach, at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties arising from underpayment of income taxes are computed in accordance with the applicable tax law and is classified in the consolidated statements of operations as income tax expense. Noncontrolling interests For the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries, noncontrolling interests are recognized to reflect the portion of their equity that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company as the controlling shareholder. Noncontrolling interests are classified as a separate line item in the equity section of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and have been separately disclosed in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the changes in equity of the Company during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented includes net income (loss) and foreign currency translation adjustments. Earnings (loss) per share The Company computes earnings (loss) per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”. ASC 260 requires companies to present basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share. Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalents shares outstanding during the year. Dilutive equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share if their effects would be anti- dilutive. Ordinary share equivalents consist of the ordinary shares issuable in connection with the Company’s ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of the share-based awards, using the treasury stock method. Segment Reporting The Company uses the “management approach” in determining reportable segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company’s reportable segments. The Company’s CODM has been identified as the chief executive officer of the Company who reviews financial information of operating segments based on U.S. GAAP. The CODM now reviews results analyzed by marketing channel. This analysis is only presented at the revenue level with no allocation of direct or indirect costs. Consequently, the Company has determined that it has only one operating segment. The CODM evaluates performance for the Company’s single operating segment and decides how to allocate resources based on the Company’s consolidated net income (loss) as reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total assets. The CODM allocates resources across the Company based on consolidated net income (loss) derived during the annual budgeting process and throughout the year in monitoring actual results compared to budget and updated forecasts. These results are used to assess segment performance. The operating segment financial information regularly reviewed by the CODM, inclusive assets, revenues, expenses, profit or loss, and noncash items are presented on a consolidated basis in the same amount and using the same captions as those included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), consolidated balance sheets, and consolidated statements of cash flows. There are no additional segment expense categories regularly provided to the CODM. Therefore, there are also no amounts classified as other segment items requiring disclosure.Long-lived assets consist of cryptocurrencies, property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, intangible assets with finite lives and other non-current assets. As of December 31, 2025, the long lived assets of RMB424,743,318 belong to subsidiaries located in BVI. The remaining long-lived assets were located in PRC. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, the Company’s net revenues by geographical location of customers are as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the Years Ended December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%">PRC</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">57,485,526</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">24,986,453</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">23,675,156</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Hong Kong</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">16,461</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">9,467,603</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,242,153</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Singapore</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,119,872</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,697,243</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">—</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">The United States</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,115,353</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,094,904</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,560,205</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">12,598,164</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">349,713</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">529,230</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net revenues</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,335,376</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">40,595,916</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">27,006,744</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Recently adopted or issued accounting pronouncements In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures” to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-09 on January 1, 2025, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. See Note 19. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”, requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2024-03. In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets”, which provides a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. ASU No. 2025-05 should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and expects no material change if adopting ASU No. 2025-05.

Basis of preparationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for information pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.Significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.

Use of estimatesThe preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements including, but not limited to, inventory write-down, valuation of short-term investments, valuation of cryptocurrencies, receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral and borrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies, expected credit loss on receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral, useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and share-based compensation.

Principles of consolidationThe Company’s consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

ReclassificationCertain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on net earnings and financial position.

Functional currency and foreign currency translationThe Company uses Renminbi (“RMB”) as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated outside of PRC is the United States dollar (“US$”), while the functional currency of the PRC entities in the Company is RMB as determined based on the criteria of ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”.Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are re-measured into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are re-measured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).The financial statements of the Company are translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, RMB. Assets and liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries incorporated outside of PRC are translated into RMB at fiscal year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal year, representing the index rates stipulated by the People’s Bank of China. Translation adjustments arising from these are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of shareholders’ equity (deficit) on the consolidated financial statement.

Convenience translationThe United States dollar (“US$”) amounts disclosed in the accompanying financial statements are presented solely for the convenience of the readers. Translations of amounts from RMB into US$ were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB7.0288 on December 31, 2025, representing the central parity rate on December 31, 2025 published by the People’s Bank of China. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2025, or at any other rate.

7.0288

Concentration of credit riskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments with financial institutions with high credit ratings and quality. The Company manages credit risk of receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral through credit assessment of the counterparty lender and daily supervision and reconciliation of the asset status of the designated crypto wallets.

Fair value measurementThe Company adopted the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for similar assets or liabilities.Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.ASC 820 also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities:(1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the carrying values of current assets and current liabilities approximated their fair values reported in the consolidated balance sheets due to the short-term maturities of these instruments, except for the following.<table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="17" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair value at December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 19%; text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right">242,889,085</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-209">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-210">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right">242,889,085</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="17" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2025</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair value at December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%">Cryptocurrencies</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">768,555,420</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-211">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-212">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">768,555,420</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,387,316</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-213">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-214">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,387,316</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Short-term investments</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">22,339,045</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3,875,947</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-215">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">26,214,992</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: justify">Borrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,948,960</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-216">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-217">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,948,960</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the carrying values of current assets and current liabilities approximated their fair values reported in the consolidated balance sheets due to the short-term maturities of these instruments, except for the following. <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="17" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair value at December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 19%; text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right">242,889,085</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-209">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-210">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 17%; text-align: right">242,889,085</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td colspan="17" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2025</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair value at December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%">Cryptocurrencies</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">768,555,420</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-211">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-212">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">768,555,420</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,387,316</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-213">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-214">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,387,316</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Short-term investments</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">22,339,045</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3,875,947</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-215">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">26,214,992</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: justify">Borrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,948,960</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-216">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-217">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,948,960</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

242889085

768555420

20387316 20387316

22339045

3875947

26214992

11948960 11948960 Related party transactionsParties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operational decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. Related parties may be individuals or corporate entities.Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated. It is not, however, practical to determine the fair value of amounts due from/to related parties due to their related party nature.

Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents include deposits in banks and other financial institutions that are unrestricted to withdrawal or use, and which have original maturities of three months or less. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, cash and cash equivalents was RMB32,431,081 and RMB8,502,357, respectively.

32431081

8502357

Restricted cashRestricted cash mainly represents the bank deposit frozen by the court as a result of legal proceedings. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the Company had restricted cash of RMB418,722 and RMB1,347,795, respectively.

418722

1347795

Short-term investmentsInvestment in equity securities with readily determinable fair valueThe Company hold investments in equity securities of a publicly listed company, for which the Company does not have significant influence. Investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value and any changes in fair value are recognized in other income (expenses).Investment in warrantsThe Company hold investments in stock warrants of a publicly listed company, for which the Company does not have significant influence. The warrants are measured at fair value and any changes in fair value are recognized in other income (expenses).

Inventories, netInventories, consist of raw materials, work in process and finished goods. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving and obsolete inventory, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment.

PrepaymentsPrepayments primarily consist of advances to suppliers for future inventory purchases and prepaid processing fees and prepaid expenses for research and development activities. CryptocurrenciesCertain cryptocurrencies were included in non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets due to the Company’s intent to retain them for long-term strategic reserve. Other cryptocurrencies held with the intent to fund operating expenses and working capital are included in current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, cryptocurrencies that are pledged as collateral are reported as “Receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral” and classified as current assets on the consolidated balance sheets, consistent with the Company’s intent to fund operating expenses. As a result of adopting ASC 350-60, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350-60”) on January 31, 2024 following modified retrospective method, cryptocurrencies are measured at fair value as of each reporting period. The fair value of cryptocurrencies are measured using the period-end closing price from the principal market, Binance, in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). The changes in cryptocurrencies valuation due to remeasurement in fair value within each reporting period are reflected on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as “Change in fair value of cryptocurrencies”. The cost basis of cryptocurrencies is determined using average cost method of accounting.The purchases and disposals of cryptocurrencies are included within investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral The receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral represents the cryptos posted as collateral to the lender who has the rights to, among other activities, lend or re-hypothecate such cryptos at the sole discretion of the lender and for which the lender has an obligation to return to the Company at maturity of the loan.The receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral is initially measured upon transfer at fair value and subsequently remeasured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. The changes in fair value are recognized on the consolidated statements of operations, in accordance with ASC 350-60.In estimating the allowance for credit losses, the Company applies the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, which requires the measurement of lifetime expected credit losses on the amortized costs of the financial assets.To estimate the allowance for credit loss of receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral, as the Company has no historical experience with similar assets, the allowance is determined using a combination of industry data, peer analysis, and forward-looking information about economic conditions and the creditworthiness of the counterparty.The Company incorporates relevant qualitative factors, such as the nature of the receivable, the characteristics of the counterparty, and any observable market indicators, to assess the expected collectability of the receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral. The estimation process also includes reasonable and supportable forecasts to account for future economic conditions and any anticipated impact on the receivable. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, no allowance for credit loss was recorded for receivable for cryptocurrencies collateral. Borrowings denominated in cryptocurrenciesBorrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies is accounted for as hybrid instrument with a debt host contract and embedded derivatives linked to the fair value of cryptocurrencies. The Company measures this hybrid instrument at fair value through the election of fair value option. The fair value is measured as the spot price of the underlying cryptocurrencies in which the borrowing is denominated. Election of the fair value option is generally irrevocable unless an event occurs that gives rise to a new basis of accounting for that instrument. The gain or loss from change in fair value of borrowings denominated in cryptocurrencies are reported as a separate caption in other income (expenses) on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Property, plant and equipment, netProperty, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives are as follows:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%; text-align: left">Machinery and electronic equipment</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: center">3 to 10 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Office furniture</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">5 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Transportation equipment</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">4 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Buildings and facilities attached to buildings</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">20 years</td></tr> </table>Leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining lease term.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives are as follows:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%; text-align: left">Machinery and electronic equipment</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: center">3 to 10 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Office furniture</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">5 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Transportation equipment</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">4 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Buildings and facilities attached to buildings</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">20 years</td></tr> </table>

P3Y

P10Y

P5Y

P4Y

P20Y

Intangible asset, netThe Company’s intangible asset with definite useful lives primarily consists of a franchise right and land use right. According to the law of PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government for a specified period of time. The Company amortizes its franchise right and land use right on a straight-line basis over the contractual term. The estimated useful lives are as follows:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%">Franchise right</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: center">2 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Land use right</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">50 years</td></tr> </table>

The Company amortizes its franchise right and land use right on a straight-line basis over the contractual term. The estimated useful lives are as follows:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%">Franchise right</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: center">2 years</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Land use right</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">50 years</td></tr> </table>

P2Y

P50Y

Impairment of long-lived assetsFor long-lived assets including primarily property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, and intangible assets with finite lives, the Company evaluates for impairment whenever events or changes (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, no impairment of long-lived assets was recognized.

Treasury sharesThe Company accounts for treasury shares using the cost method. Under this method, the cost incurred to purchase the shares is recorded in the treasury shares account on the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue from contracts with customersConsistent with the criteria of ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, the Company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue consists of the invoiced value for the sales net of value-added tax (“VAT”), business tax and applicable local government levies.Product sales revenueThe Company generates revenue primarily from the sale of product solutions by integrating its self-designed IC products (e.g., high throughput computing, or HTC, solutions) directly to a customer, such as a business or individual engaged in mining activities.The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when the control of the products has been transferred to customers. The transfer of control is considered complete when products have been picked up by or shipped to customers. The Company’s sales arrangements usually require prepayment before the delivery of products. The advance payment is not considered a significant financing component. The Company elected to account for shipping and handling fees as a fulfillment cost. The product sales contracts generally include product warranty provisions. The Company did not accrue warranty liabilities for the product sales as the financial impacts of the warranty have historically been and are expected to continue to be immaterial. The Company estimates sales return based on historical experiences and there was no allowance for sales return recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025.Service revenueThe Company also generates revenue from its design and technical services under separate contracts. Revenues from the design and technical service to the customers are recognized at a point in time when services are provided.Revenue disaggregationIn accordance with ASC 606, the Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by revenue stream. The Company determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories meets the disclosure objective in ASC 606 which is to depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by regional economic factors. The following table summarizes the net revenues generated from different revenue streams:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the Years Ended December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%; text-align: left">Product sales revenue</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">71,321,462</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">34,096,450</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">26,633,026</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Service revenue</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,013,914</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,499,466</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">373,718</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net revenues</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,335,376</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">40,595,916</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">27,006,744</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>Contract liabilitiesContract liabilities are recorded when consideration is received from a customer prior to transferring the control of goods or services to the customer. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the Company recorded contract liabilities of RMB98,895,905 and RMB69,314,154, respectively, which were presented as advance from customers on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, the Company recognized RMB23,740,945, RMB9,765,766 and RMB20,805,240 from the opening balance of contract liabilities as revenue, respectively.

The following table summarizes the net revenues generated from different revenue streams:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the Years Ended December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%; text-align: left">Product sales revenue</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">71,321,462</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">34,096,450</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">26,633,026</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Service revenue</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,013,914</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,499,466</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">373,718</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net revenues</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,335,376</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">40,595,916</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">27,006,744</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

71321462

34096450

26633026

7013914

6499466

373718

78335376

40595916

27006744

98895905

69314154

23740945

9765766

20805240

Cost of revenuesAmounts recorded as cost of revenue relate to direct expenses incurred in order to generate revenue. Such costs are recorded as incurred. Cost of revenues consists of product costs and service costs. Product costs include costs of raw material, contract manufacturers for production, shipping and handling costs, and warehousing costs. Service costs include labor costs and material costs. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, the Company recorded inventory write-down of RMB60,767,978, RMB10,914,374 and RMB32,637,101 as cost of revenues, respectively.

60767978

10914374

32637101

Selling and marketing expensesSelling and marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising and promotion, salaries, and shipping and handling costs incurred during the selling activities. Advertising and transportation expenses are charged to expense as incurred.Advertising and promotion costs in the amounts of RMB1,278,586, RMB364,253 and RMB656,386 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively, are included in selling and marketing expenses.Shipping and handling costs amounting to RMB2,122,358, RMB968,713 and RMB115,867 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively, are included in selling and marketing expenses.

1278586

364253

656386

2122358 968713 115867

Research and development expensesResearch and development expenses consist primarily of salary and welfare for research and development personnel, raw materials used, consulting and contractor expenses, testing and processing expenses and other expenses in associated with research and development activities. The Company recognizes research and development expenses as expense when incurred.

LeasesRight-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When determining the lease term, the Company includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option, if any. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which it calculates based on the credit quality of the Company and by comparing interest rates available in the market for similar borrowings, and adjusting this amount based on the impact of collateral over the term of each lease.The Company elected not to record assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet for lease arrangements with terms of 12 months or less. The Company recognizes lease expenses for such leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Employee social security and welfare benefitsEmployees of the Company in the PRC are entitled to staff welfare benefits including pension, work-related injury benefits, maternity insurance, medical insurance, unemployment benefit and housing fund plans through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Company is required to contribute to the plan based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government.The PRC government is responsible for the medical benefits and the pension liability to be paid to these employees and the Company’s obligations are limited to the amounts contributed and no legal obligation beyond the contributions made.

Share-based compensationRestricted shares and options granted to employees and directors are accounted for under ASC Topic 718, “Compensation - Stock compensation” (“ASC 718”). In accordance with ASC 718, the Company determines whether restricted shares or options should be classified and accounted for as an equity award. All grants of restricted shares and options to employees and directors classified as equity awards are recognized in the financial statements based on their grant date fair values. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service periods in the statements of operations. In addition, compensation expense must be recognized for the change in fair value of any awards modified, repurchased or cancelled after the grant date.The fair value of stock option granted is estimated on the grant date using the Binomial or Black-Scholes model.

Income taxesThe Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the tax income rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future.In accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, “Income taxes”, the Company recognizes in its financial statements the impact of a tax position if a tax return position or future tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination based solely on the technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the recognition threshold are measured using a cumulative probability approach, at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties arising from underpayment of income taxes are computed in accordance with the applicable tax law and is classified in the consolidated statements of operations as income tax expense.

Noncontrolling interestsFor the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries, noncontrolling interests are recognized to reflect the portion of their equity that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company as the controlling shareholder. Noncontrolling interests are classified as a separate line item in the equity section of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and have been separately disclosed in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Comprehensive income (loss)Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the changes in equity of the Company during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from shareholders and distributions to shareholders. Comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented includes net income (loss) and foreign currency translation adjustments.

Earnings (loss) per shareThe Company computes earnings (loss) per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”. ASC 260 requires companies to present basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share. Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalents shares outstanding during the year. Dilutive equivalent shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share if their effects would be anti- dilutive. Ordinary share equivalents consist of the ordinary shares issuable in connection with the Company’s ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of the share-based awards, using the treasury stock method.

Segment ReportingThe Company uses the “management approach” in determining reportable segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company’s reportable segments. The Company’s CODM has been identified as the chief executive officer of the Company who reviews financial information of operating segments based on U.S. GAAP. The CODM now reviews results analyzed by marketing channel. This analysis is only presented at the revenue level with no allocation of direct or indirect costs. Consequently, the Company has determined that it has only one operating segment. The CODM evaluates performance for the Company’s single operating segment and decides how to allocate resources based on the Company’s consolidated net income (loss) as reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total assets. The CODM allocates resources across the Company based on consolidated net income (loss) derived during the annual budgeting process and throughout the year in monitoring actual results compared to budget and updated forecasts. These results are used to assess segment performance.The operating segment financial information regularly reviewed by the CODM, inclusive assets, revenues, expenses, profit or loss, and noncash items are presented on a consolidated basis in the same amount and using the same captions as those included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), consolidated balance sheets, and consolidated statements of cash flows. There are no additional segment expense categories regularly provided to the CODM. Therefore, there are also no amounts classified as other segment items requiring disclosure.Long-lived assets consist of cryptocurrencies, property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, intangible assets with finite lives and other non-current assets. As of December 31, 2025, the long lived assets of RMB424,743,318 belong to subsidiaries located in BVI. The remaining long-lived assets were located in PRC.For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, the Company’s net revenues by geographical location of customers are as follows:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the Years Ended December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%">PRC</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">57,485,526</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">24,986,453</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">23,675,156</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Hong Kong</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">16,461</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">9,467,603</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,242,153</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Singapore</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,119,872</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,697,243</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">—</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">The United States</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,115,353</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,094,904</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,560,205</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">12,598,164</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">349,713</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">529,230</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net revenues</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,335,376</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">40,595,916</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">27,006,744</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

The Company’s CODM has been identified as the chief executive officer of the Company who reviews financial information of operating segments based on U.S. GAAP. The CODM now reviews results analyzed by marketing channel.

424743318

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, the Company’s net revenues by geographical location of customers are as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the Years Ended December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%">PRC</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">57,485,526</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">24,986,453</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">23,675,156</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Hong Kong</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">16,461</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">9,467,603</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,242,153</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Singapore</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,119,872</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,697,243</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">—</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">The United States</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,115,353</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,094,904</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,560,205</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">12,598,164</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">349,713</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">529,230</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net revenues</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,335,376</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">40,595,916</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">27,006,744</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

57485526

24986453

23675156

16461

9467603

1242153

1119872

4697243

7115353

1094904

1560205

12598164

349713

529230

78335376

40595916

27006744

Recently adopted or issued accounting pronouncementsIn December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures” to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-09 on January 1, 2025, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. See Note 19.In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”, requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2024-03.In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets”, which provides a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. ASU No. 2025-05 should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and expects no material change if adopting ASU No. 2025-05.

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt">3.</td> <td style="font-size: 10pt">Short-term investments</td></tr> </table> Short-term investments include the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Investment in equity securities with readily determinable fair value</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-226">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">22,339,045</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Investment in warrants</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-227">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,875,947</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Short-term investments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-228">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">26,214,992</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, nil, nil and RMB7,779,811 unrealized loss from investment in equity securities were included in other expenses. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, nil, nil and RMB1,294,144 unrealized loss from investment in warrants were included in other expenses. The Company’s investment in warrants is measured on a recurring basis and carried on the balance sheets at an estimated fair value at the end of the year. The valuation of investment in warrants is determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The following table summarizes the inputs to the model used to estimate the fair value of the investment in warrants as of December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31, 2025</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 88%">Stock price</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">US$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"> 6.42</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Exercise price</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">US$</td><td style="text-align: right">15.15</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Expected volatility</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">80.27</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Time to maturity (in years)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2.58</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Risk-free interest rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3.50</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table>

Short-term investments include the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Investment in equity securities with readily determinable fair value</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-226">—</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">22,339,045</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Investment in warrants</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-227">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,875,947</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Short-term investments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-228">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">26,214,992</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

22339045

3875947

26214992

7779811

1294144

The following table summarizes the inputs to the model used to estimate the fair value of the investment in warrants as of December 31, 2025:<table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31, 2025</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 88%">Stock price</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">US$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"> 6.42</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Exercise price</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">US$</td><td style="text-align: right">15.15</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Expected volatility</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">80.27</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Time to maturity (in years)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2.58</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Risk-free interest rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3.50</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table>

6.42

15.15

0.8027

P2Y6M29D

0.035

Inventories, net consist of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Raw materials</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">11,064,697</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,670,367</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Work in process</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">9,979,114</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,859,086</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">Finished goods</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,822,607</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,163,921</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Inventories, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">29,866,418</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">13,693,374</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

11064697

2670367

9979114

6859086

8822607

4163921

29866418

13693374

Prepayments consist of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Prepayments – inventories and processing fee</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,011,819</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6,320,009</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Prepayments – others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,594,247</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,247,862</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">4,606,066</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">7,567,871</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

3011819 6320009

1594247

1247862

4606066

7567871

Other current assets consist of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Value-added tax recoverables</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">21,880,916</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">5,384,032</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Deposits</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,202,904</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,243,087</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,824,977</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,430,653</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">26,908,797</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">9,057,772</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

21880916

5384032

2202904

2243087

2824977

1430653

26908797

9057772

The following table presents the Company’s significant cryptocurrencies holdings as of December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Quantity</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Cost Basis</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%">BNB</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">126,662</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">636,265,511</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">768,554,830</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-233">0.00</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">716</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">590</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total cryptocurrencies held as of December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">636,266,227</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">768,555,420</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

126662

636265511

768554830

716

590

636266227

768555420

The following table presents a roll-forward of the Company’s cryptocurrencies holdings during the year ended December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">In RMB</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 88%; font-weight: bold">Cryptocurrencies at December 31, 2024</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">242,889,085</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies purchased using fiat currency</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">351,431,373</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies disposed for fiat currency</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(55,437,668</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies received from issuance of ordinary shares</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">42,430,764</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies paid for purchase of investment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(35,714,536</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies borrowed</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">704,007,431</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies repaid</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(662,029,251</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies received from airdrop</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">24,904,307</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies received from investment products</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">8,954,982</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies paid as collateral</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(8,575,337</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Cryptocurrencies paid for expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(8,644,823</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Others</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">83,079</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Changes in fair value of cryptocurrencies</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">178,565,656</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Foreign currency translation adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(14,309,642</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">Cryptocurrencies at December 31, 2025</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">768,555,420</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

242889085

351431373

55437668

42430764 -35714536 704007431 662029251 24904307 8954982 -8575337 -8644823 83079 -178565656 -14309642

768555420

44101822

Property, plant and equipment, net consist of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Machinery and electronic equipment</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">17,409,218</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">14,766,562</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Office furniture</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">370,667</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">372,966</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Leasehold improvement</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,794,450</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,794,450</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Transportation equipment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">41,014</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">41,014</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Buildings and facilities attached to buildings</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">194,892,201</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">191,856,403</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: Accumulated depreciation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(18,165,635</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(27,200,724</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Property, plant and equipment, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">197,341,915</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">182,630,671</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

17409218

14766562

370667

372966

2794450

41014

194892201

191856403

18165635

27200724

197341915

182630671

3436716

8669931

9975895

188432414

176739153

Intangible asset, net consists of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 76%; text-align: left">Land use right</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">49,292,208</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">49,292,208</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Franchise right</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">334,865</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">334,865</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: Accumulated amortization</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2,881,629</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(3,867,473</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Intangible asset, net</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">46,745,444</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45,759,600</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

49292208

334865

2881629

3867473

46745444

45759600

985844

46745444

45759600

As of December 31, 2025, the future estimated amortization expenses are as below. <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Years ended December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Estimated amortization expense</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%; text-align: left">2026</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">985,844</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">2027</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">985,844</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">2028</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">985,844</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">2029</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">985,844</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">2030</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">985,844</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Thereafter</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">40,830,380</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45,759,600</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

985844

40830380

45759600

The following component of lease cost are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the year ended December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the year ended December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the year ended December 31, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%; text-align: left">Operating lease cost</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">6,051,298</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">2,600,988</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">1,167,338</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Short-term lease cost</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">198,306</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">429,324</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">72,725</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total lease cost</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,249,604</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">3,030,312</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,240,063</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Supplemental disclosure related to operating leases were as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the year ended December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the year ended December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">For the year ended December 31, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Operating cash flows for operating leases</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">4,648,690</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">2,360,943</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">1,363,825</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of December 31, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 76%; text-align: left">Weighted average remaining lease term of operating leases (years)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">3.26</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">2.83</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted average discount rate of operating leases</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6.24</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6.24</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table>

6051298

2600988

1167338

198306

429324

72725

6249604

3030312

1240063

4648690

2360943

1363825

P3Y3M3D

P2Y9M29D

0.0624

The following table summarizes the maturity of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left">2026</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,274,602</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">2027</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,191,481</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">2028</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">602,087</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Thereafter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-236">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Total lease payments</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3,068,170</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(245,746</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Total lease liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,822,424</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: current portion</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,125,674</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Non-current lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,696,750</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

1274602

1191481

602087

3068170

245746

2822424

1125674

1696750

Other current liabilities consist of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Salary accrual</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,001,104</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,234,948</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Deposit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">150,303</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">150,298</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Payable for property, plant and equipment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">26,521,368</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">18,459,526</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Tax accrual</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">16,173,063</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">16,581,246</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Customer refund liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,471,474</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,471,474</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">5,845,905</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,405,634</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">67,163,217</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">54,303,126</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

4001104

3234948

150303

150298

26521368

18459526

16173063

16581246

14471474

5845905

1405634

67163217

54303126

0.033

P0Y5M1D

20000000

43000000

22000000

18000000

The guaranty information of the Company’s outstanding short-term loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 consist of the following:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of December 31, 2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of December 31, 2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 76%; text-align: left">Guaranteed by Mr. Jianping Kong, the principal shareholder, chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Qifeng Sun, the principal shareholder and vice chairman, and two subsidiaries within the Company’s organizational structure</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">18,000,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">18,000,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Guaranteed by Mr. Jianping Kong and one subsidiary within the Company’s organizational structure</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-237">—</div></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">15,000,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Guaranteed by the Mr. Jianping Kong, one subsidiary within the Company’s organizational structure, and a third party financial institution</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-238">—</div></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">10,000,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

18000000

15000000

10000000

100000000

2030-07-25

148000000

198000000

108247467

200030488

7109198

1530000

147667636

5350000

0.0506

dates for parts of the loan ranging from June 20, 2026 to July 25, 2030

As of December 31, 2025, the future maturities of long-term debts are as below: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold">As of December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%; text-align: left">2026</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">6,890,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">2027</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8,430,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">2028</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">9,970,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">2029</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">11,510,000</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">2030</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">140,992,834</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Thereafter</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-239">—</div></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">177,792,834</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

6890000

8430000

9970000

11510000

140992834

177792834

41978170

6354670

2-for-1

250000000

0.0002

121410923

0.0002

28589078

0.0002

99999999

0.0002

10-for-1

25000000

0.002

12141093

0.002

2858908

0.002

9999999

0.002

518950

6437

0.002

6.46

913714

5900000 42400000 3900000 2000000

50000

25000000

0.002

4200000

2100000000

0.002

1097141091

2858909

1000000000

15 30

8.4

P5Y

5952381

50000000

46100000 330500000 0.025 45000000

0.002

25000000

75000

200000

1700000

30 50

573233

6.46

3700000 26600000

458453

452016

16312505

23571833

15674052

23044817

518950

0.10

562668

165664

335710

310045 25665

22522

0.002

P10Y

0.333

7787

0.002

P10Y

0.333

54579

0.002

P10Y

1299

0.002

P10Y

0.333

The options granted under the 2022 plan were valued using the Black-Scholes model using the management’s estimates and assumptions. Significant assumptions used in the valuations are set as below: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">For the</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">year ended</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">December 31, 2023</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%">Spot price on valuation date</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">US$</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; width: 9%; text-align: right">10.6</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected volatility</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: right">120.95%-123.34</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Risk-free interest rate</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: right">3.53%-4.28</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dividend yield</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: right">0.00</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</td></tr> </table>

10.6

1.2095

1.2334

0.0353

0.0428

The following table summarizes the share options activity and related information for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Number of Options</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Weighted Average Exercise Price (RMB)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Weighted Average Remaining Term (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (RMB)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Aggregated Intrinsic Value (RMB)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 40%">Outstanding as of January 1, 2023</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">25,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.03</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">9.0</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">609.4</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,001,626</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">86,186</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">9.3</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Forfeited</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">21,158</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.03</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-241">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">495.7</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Exercised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">58,789</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">0.02</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-242">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">149.4</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">31,239</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">9.3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">4,004,469</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">7,152</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">9.3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">916,775</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-243">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-244">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-245">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-246">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Forfeited</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,041</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-247">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Exercised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">10,041</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-248">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">16,157</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">8.3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,039,402</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">4,865</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">8.3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">312,976</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-249">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-250">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-251">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-252">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-253"> </div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Forfeited</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,246</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-254">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Exercised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,437</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-255">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Outstanding as of December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">7,474</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">7.3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">165,384</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">3,705</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">7.3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">73.4</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">81,984</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

25000

0.03

P9Y

609.4

2001626

86186

0.01

P9Y3M18D

73.4

21158

0.03

495.7

58789

0.02

149.4

31239

0.01

P9Y3M18D

73.4

4004469

7152

0.01

P9Y3M18D

73.4

916775

5041

0.01

73.4

10041

0.01

73.4

16157

0.01

P8Y3M18D

73.4

1039402

4865

0.01

P8Y3M18D

73.4

312976

2246

0.01

73.4

6437

0.01

73.4

7474

0.01

P7Y3M18D

73.4

165384

3705

0.01

P7Y3M18D

73.4

81984

712184

399247

73013

29230

0.10

0.50

<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt">17.</td> <td style="font-size: 10pt">Other income</td></tr> </table> Other income consists of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Government subsidies</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">5,307,351</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,216,168</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,348,712</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Income from airdrop and crypto investment products</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-257">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-258">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">33,859,289</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,803,742</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-259">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,737,314</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">7,111,093</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">3,216,168</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">39,945,315</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

Other income consists of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Government subsidies</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">5,307,351</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,216,168</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,348,712</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Income from airdrop and crypto investment products</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-257">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-258">—</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">33,859,289</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,803,742</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-259">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,737,314</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">7,111,093</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">3,216,168</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">39,945,315</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

5307351

3216168

3348712

33859289

1803742

2737314

7111093

3216168

39945315

2348554

The following reflects the income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per ordinary share computations: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">For the years ended December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">2023</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 64%; text-align: left">Earnings (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">(252,823,772</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">(113,187,048</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">135,466,040</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for basic earnings (loss) per share calculation</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5,888,507</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8,049,592</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">19,858,117</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 4pt">Basic earnings (loss) per share</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(42.94</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(14.06</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6.82</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Earnings (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company for diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(252,823,772</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(113,187,048</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">135,466,040</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5,888,507</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8,049,592</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">19,858,117</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Adjusted for:</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">- incremental shares issuable related to options issued</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-260">—</div></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-261">—</div></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,044</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Weighted average number of shares outstanding for diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5,888,507</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8,049,592</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">19,862,161</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; padding-bottom: 4pt">Diluted earnings (loss) per share</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(42.94</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(14.06</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6.82</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

-252823772

-113187048

135466040

5888507

8049592

19858117

-42.94

-14.06

6.82

-252823772

-113187048

135466040

5888507

8049592

19858117

4044

5888507

8049592

19862161

-42.94

-14.06

6.82

0.0825

2000000 2000000

0.165

0.21

0.17

0.75

100000

470000

0.50

470000

0.25

0.15

Below is a tabular rate reconciliation pursuant to the disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-09 for the year ended December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the Year Ended December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">RMB</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">PRC statutory income tax rates</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">31,486,900</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">25.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Effect of expenses not deductible for tax purposes</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">419,006</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.33</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Effect of additional deduction of research and development expense</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(4,147,482</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(3.29</td><td style="text-align: left">)%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Effect of income tax exemptions and reliefs</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">249,076</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.20</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Recovery from deferred income tax assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(3,055,163</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2.43</td><td style="text-align: left">)%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Effect of valuation allowance on deferred income tax assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">29,337,978</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">23.30</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax difference under different tax jurisdictions*</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(54,290,315</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(43.11</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-262">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(0.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)%</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify">Substantially all the income tax difference under different tax jurisdictions was generated from BVI entities.</td> </tr></table> Below is a reconciliation between the effective income tax rate and the PRC statutory income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 12pt Calibri, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">For the Years Ended December 31,</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 76%; text-align: left">PRC statutory income tax rates</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">25.00</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">25.00</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Effect of expenses not deductible for tax purposes</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(0.42</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(0.28</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Effect of additional deduction of research and development expense</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5.98</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5.90</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Effect of income tax exemptions and reliefs</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(5.71</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(0.39</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Recovery from deferred income tax assets</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.05</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.22</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Effect of valuation allowance on deferred income tax assets</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(23.52</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(26.29</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Income tax difference under different tax jurisdictions</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(1.37</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(4.16</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table>

31486900

0.25

419006

-0.0033

4147482

0.0329

-249076

0.002

3055163

-0.0243

29337978

0.233

-54290315

-0.4311

0.25

0.0042

0.0028

-0.0598 -0.059

-0.0571

-0.0039

0.0005

0.0022

-0.2352

-0.2629

-0.0137

-0.0416

0.0001

The provision for income taxes consists of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the Years Ended December 31,</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Current income tax expense (benefit) - PRC</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(17,394</td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-263">—</div></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-264">—</div></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Current income tax expense (benefit) - Foreign</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-265">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-266">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-267">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Deferred income tax expense</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-268">—</div></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-269">—</div></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-270">—</div></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Income tax expense (benefit)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(17,394</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-271">—</div></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-272">—</div></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

17394

-17394

PRC and international components of income (loss) before income taxes were comprised of the following for the periods indicated: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the Years Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%">PRC</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(209,783,759</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(88,852,369</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(97,453,535</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(44,585,689</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(30,686,680</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">223,401,133</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Income (loss) before income tax provision</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(254,369,448</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(119,539,049</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">125,947,598</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

-209783759

-88852369

-97453535

-44585689

-30686680

223401133

-254369448

-119539049

125947598

Significant component of deferred tax assets are as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Net operating loss carryforward</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">98,783,665</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">118,846,734</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Accrued expense and others</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">9,688,509</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(3,698,621</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Inventory impairment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">50,475,875</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">50,576,626</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Deferred tax assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">158,948,049</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">165,724,739</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(158,948,049</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(165,724,739</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Deferred tax assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-273">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-274">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

98783665

118846734

-9688509 3698621

50475875

50576626

158948049

165724739

158948049

165724739

568188165

47333923 31087058 9831853 117051 257501 3055163

Related parties with whom the Company conducted business consist of the following: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%">Name of related party</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: center">Nature of Relationship</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Jianping Kong</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Principal shareholder, chairman and chief executive officer</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Qifeng Sun</td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Principal shareholder and vice chairman</td></tr> </table>

Principal shareholder, chairman and chief executive officer

Principal shareholder and vice chairman

10000000

72802000

957854

8500000

60000000

2791462

3.045

The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the Years Ended December 31,</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Customer A</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-275">—</div></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-276">—</div></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">59</td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Customer B</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-277">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">12</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">11</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Customer C</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-278">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">13</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-279">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Customer D</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-280">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">11</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-281">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Customer E</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">15</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-282">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-283">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Customer F</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">12</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-284">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-285">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> The following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchase for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the Years Ended December 31,</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Supplier A</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-286">—</div></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-287">—</div></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">20</td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Supplier B</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-288">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-289">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">15</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Supplier C</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-290">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-291">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">14</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Supplier D</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">38</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-292">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-293">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Supplier E</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">14</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-294">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-295">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Supplier F</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-296">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">29</td> <td style="text-align: left">%</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-297">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

0.59

0.12

0.11

0.13

0.11

0.15

0.12

0.20

0.15

0.14

0.38

0.14

0.29

4965147

1347795

1000000

7000000

0.0254

8200000

0.054

282743

900000

The following represents condensed financial information of the parent company:<table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of December 31,</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">US$</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ASSETS/(LIABILITIES)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">2,227,649</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">42,095</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right">5,989</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Short-term investments</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-299">—</div></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">26,214,992</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">3,729,654</td><td style="padding-left: -0.125in; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Prepayments</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">891</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-300">—</div></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-301">—</div></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Due from intercompany</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">814,547,651</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,160,984,732</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">165,175,383</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Investment in subsidiaries</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(585,987,070</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(438,947,877</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(62,449,903</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">TOTAL ASSETS</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">230,789,121</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">748,293,942</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">106,461,123</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Shareholders’ equity (deficit):</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Class A ordinary shares (US$0.002 par value; 14,141,093 and 1,097,141,091 shares authorized as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively; 13,273,596 and 20,712,924 shares issued as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively; 12,815,143 and 20,185,908 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">176,842</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">283,565</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">40,343</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Class B ordinary shares ($0.002 par value; 2,858,909 shares authorized; 2,858,909 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2025)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">36,894</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">36,894</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5,249</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Treasury shares</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-302">—</div></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(1,666,859</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(237,147</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Additional paid-in capital</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">780,499,664</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,180,196,429</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">167,908,666</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Accumulated deficit</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(565,218,741</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(429,752,701</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(61,141,689</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Statutory reserves</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,647,109</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,647,109</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">945,696</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">8,647,353</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(7,450,495</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(1,059,995</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">TOTAL NANO LABS LTD SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">230,789,121</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">748,293,942</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">106,461,123</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

2227649

42095

5989

26214992

3729654

891

814547651 1160984732 165175383 -585987070 -438947877 -62449903

230789121

748293942

106461123

0.002

14141093

1097141091

13273596

20712924

12815143

20185908

176842

283565

40343

0.002

2858909

36894

5249

1666859

237147

780499664

1180196429

167908666

-565218741

-429752701

-61141689

6647109

945696

8647353

-7450495

-1059995

230789121

748293942

106461123

<table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the years ended December 31,</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2024</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2025</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">RMB</td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">US$</td> <td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Net revenues</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-303">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-304">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-305">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-306">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Operating expenses:</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Selling and marketing expenses</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-307">—</div></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-308">—</div></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(607,147</td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(86,379</td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">General and administrative expenses</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(471,664</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(683,178</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(1,016,420</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(144,607</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Change in fair value of cryptocurrencies</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-309">—</div></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-310">—</div></td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,383,727</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">481,409</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total operating income (expenses)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(471,664</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(683,178</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,760,160</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">250,423</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Income (loss) from operations</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(471,664</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(683,178</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">1,760,160</td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">250,423</td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Finance income (expense)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">110,971</td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(13,140</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-311">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-312">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Interest expense</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-313">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-314">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(5,952,207</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(846,832</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Other expenses</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-315">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-316">—</div></td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(9,073,955</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(1,290,968</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Income (loss) from investment in subsidiaries</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(252,463,079</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(112,490,730</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">148,732,042</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">21,160,375</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Net income (loss) attributable to Nano Labs Ltd</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(252,823,772</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(113,187,048</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">135,466,040</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">19,272,998</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Comprehensive income (loss):</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Net income (loss)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(252,823,772</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">(113,187,048</td> <td style="text-align: left">)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">135,466,040</td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right">19,272,998</td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Other comprehensive income (loss)</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td> <td style="text-align: right"> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Foreign currency translation adjustment</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">155,229</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,392,795</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(16,097,848</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(2,290,270</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Nano Labs Ltd</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(252,668,543</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(106,794,253</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">119,368,192</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">16,982,728</td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

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471664

683178

1016420

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1760160

250423

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110971 -13140

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72802734

315620394

355632852

50596525

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10022904

1425976

1180224

1021656

-2185554

-310943

25769

1205993

2227649

316932

1205993

2227649

42095

5989

U.S. GAAP 206

http://fasb.org/srt/2025#ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember

0001872302 false FY After giving effect of the reverse stock splits, see Note 14.